Here's a simple explanation for why BSC is trading at above $4.80 than the offer price of $2
Short Answer: Options
Some traders will give you wrong answers like Short
covering and other clueless replies, but that is not what it is about.
No Idiot is going to buyback a $50 Bill with a $100 bill (Unless some 'smart' Wall-street idiots)
Long Answer:
JPM is actually giving 0.054 shares to 1 BSC share.
So, A BSC investor is not actually getting $2 cash, but a MAX (0.054x
JPM, BookValue of BSC).
That is the investor has a downward protection of 0.054x JPM stock and
and upside potential of Actual BookValue of BSC. This is a classic
option instrument where you get MAX (Stock-Strike, 0)
So, BSC at minimum would trade at 0.054x of JPM's share price. But
there is an upside potential for BSC.
Between now and the actual close, good things can happen in this world
and people may discover that the BSC's books is not bad at all and its
equity value may be worth $5, $10, or even $30. There is a remote
probability that such a thing can happen
If BSC were trading at $2, (Technically at 0.054x JPM) Smart Investors
would do the following
Buy 1 BSC share = -$2
Short 0.054x = +$2
Total = $0
I have two positions with $0 Invested from my pocket
During closing, one of the two following scenario can happen
i) BSC is really crap and the JPM deal is the best they can get. I use
my 0.054 share that I get from JPM to cover my short. I make $0 here
ii) I have different valuations for BSC books at varying
probabilities. In which case BSC stock would grow accordingly. Lets
take an example, BSC is worth 0.07x JPM(Say $3 for convenience) on the
books
I Sell my 1 BSC share +$3
I Cover my 0.054x short -$2 and I make $1 here (or Technically 0.016x
JPM)
So there is an arbitrage opportunity at $2 (technically at 0.054x
JPM), where you are essentially getting a 'lottery ticket' for free.
Since in a free market, there is no such thing as free lottery ticket
(which is really equivalent to a call option), BSC trades at $2 + a
Call Option. The market has decided that Call Option is worth $2.50
(considering BSC's huge volatility, it is a fair game)
Note: For really advanced readers, I've ignored the interest rate
implications that occurs when shorting a stock