AI, or illusion?
I agree that Big Blue was just raw computing power without any real intelligence. Kasporov, and others, noticed that the moves made by the machine lacked something. The moves, although clever and successful, did not seem creative or inspired.
In theory, Big Blue could be recreated using plumbing and levers rather than circuits. The resulting machine might be the size of a continent and take hours or days to make a move, but it could be done in theory and would still play world class chess. But, I don't believe anyone would be quite so impressed. Size matters; the smaller, the smarter.
Will we ever understand our own intelligence? Good question. But is it necessary for humankind to understand itself in order for it to create something that transcends humanity? It's tempting to say Yes, but millions of years of dumb evolution gave rise to humanity. Humanity could be just as dumb and give rise to something smarter; perhaps by accident. Which prompts the question, could mankind accidentally create an entity more intelligent than humans and NOT KNOW that the entity was created?
Hm. I think I heard of this before. First there was man ... and then there was woman. And it was a woman who picked from the tree of knowledge. And men have been playing it down ever since.