This thesis will focus on the operations of the guerrilla force, the overt
military or paramilitary arm of the insurgency. The auxiliary, which supplies and
supports the insurgency, and the underground, which conducts the above mentioned
sabotage, subversion, and intelligence gathering activities, will be addressed only in their
direct support of guerrilla combat operations. Subversion and sabotage must also be
defined because the two activities are so often linked to insurgencies in general they are
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incorrectly thought to fall under the heading of guerrilla warfare. Subversion and
sabotage, combined with guerrilla warfare and other activities, are aspects of the
Unconventional Warfare mission, as defined above. Subversion “undermines the
political, military, economic, or psychological strength of a nation or occupying power.
Subversion attacks the internal or international legitimacy of targeted governments or
powers and their actions” (DA 2001a, 2-8). Sabotage “injures or obstructs the national
defense of a nation by willfully damaging or destroying any national defense or war
material, premises, or utilities, including human and natural resources” (DA 2001a, 2-9).
These two activities are predominately carried out by the underground arm of an
insurgency and not the guerrilla force. The terms “urban guerrilla warfare” and
“terrorism” are often used interchangeably. To ensure a delineation between the two,
terrorism is defined as “the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful
violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in
the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological” (DoD 2001,
437).